Scanning probe microscopy of organic thin films: Phase transitions of liquid crystal monolayers

Since its conception, the scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has attracted increasing attention as a novel method that provides an outstanding capability for direct visualization of topological features and characterization of the local properties of organic thin films. While imaging mechanisms for organic molecules are still being debated, careful and credible studies have been performed enabling the SPM to be used for organized molecular films. In this review, our historical background and “the state of the art” of the SPM are briefly reviewed from viewpoints of local area visualization and characterization of organic ultra-thin films. Utilization of the high-resolution probes for fundamental surface studies in organic molecular system is described with practical examples and hints arising from previous SPM studies of liquid crystal monolayers.